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Curso básico · A1–A2
Nivel A1.1 — IdentidadNivel A1.2 — Rutinas y entornoNivel A2.1 — Contando el mundoNivel A2.2 — Comparando y proyectandoIntermedio · B1–B2
Level B1.1 — Connecting experiencesLevel B1.2 — Narrating and describingLevel B2.1 — ArguingLevel B2.2 — NuanceProfesional / Avanzado · C1–C2
Level C1.1 — PrecisionLevel C1.2 — Register and discourseLevel C2.1 — StyleLevel C2.2 — Native masteryInglés técnico y especialización
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Supreme Court-level and corporate transactional vocabulary — appellate procedure, constitutional analysis, and complex regulatory frameworks. This lesson closes the Law career track — and completes the entire specialized technical curriculum across all nine careers.
Why this matters This lesson connects directly to your progress: it covers appellate procedure and constitutional law; complex transactions and regulatory law; advanced litigation and compliance. Mastering this content lets you move forward confidently, and reinforces patterns you'll use again later. Take time to review every example before moving to the assessment — repetition is what actually locks knowledge in long-term.
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The goals of this lesson.
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You already understand litigation and corporate law. This final Law lesson covers appellate practice and constitutional law — the highest level of legal English in this course, and the final lesson overall.
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Terms for high-court practice and constitutional analysis.
Examples
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Vocabulary for cross-border deals, arbitration, and regulatory enforcement.
Examples
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Terms for complex litigation strategy and evolving compliance frameworks.
Examples
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Read the text and answer the questions. You can try as many times as you want.
The Supreme Court granted certiorari to hear the case, which centered on a constitutional challenge to the new regulation. Several advocacy groups filed an amicus brief in support of the petitioner, arguing that the precedent established in this ruling would have far-reaching implications.
Meanwhile, the corporate team was negotiating a complex cross-border merger agreement, conducting a thorough conflict of laws analysis to ensure regulatory compliance across jurisdictions. "We're preparing oral arguments for the appellate hearing," the lead attorney noted, "while also structuring the transaction to minimize tax liability."
1. What did the Supreme Court grant?
2. What did advocacy groups file?
3. What was the corporate team negotiating?
4. What analysis were they conducting?
5. What was the attorney preparing?
07
A second reading, a bit longer. Read it and answer the questions below.
After years of litigation, the case finally reached the appellate court. The plaintiffs, who had brought a class action against the manufacturer, hoped the ruling would set a precedent for similar cases nationwide.
“We're asking the court to overturn the previous decision,” the lead attorney argued, citing a precedent from a case decided a decade earlier. The defense, meanwhile, urged the panel to uphold the ruling, noting the statute of limitations had already expired for some of the claims. The court reserved its decision, and both sides prepared to exhaust all appeals if necessary.
1. Where did the case finally reach?
2. What kind of lawsuit had the plaintiffs brought?
3. What did the lead attorney ask the court to do?
4. What did the attorney cite to support the argument?
5. What did the defense say had expired?
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Tap a term on the left, then tap its matching definition on the right. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
Term
Definition
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Usa las pistas para completar cada palabra en inglés. Sin calificar — repite las veces que quieras.
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The essentials of this lesson, summarized.
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Key terms to remember.
relating to the highest court in a jurisdiction
"Granted certiorari" means the Supreme Court agreed to review a lower court's decision — a discretionary and highly selective process.
Formal / legalCollocations: Supreme Court, Supreme Court ruling, Supreme Court justice
Synonyms: highest court, apex court
formally submitting a legal document to a court
An "amicus brief" is filed by a non-party with a strong interest in the case, offering the court additional perspective or expertise.
Formal / legalCollocations: filing a brief, filing a motion, currently filing
Synonyms: submitting, lodging (a document)
a legal decision used as an example for future cases
Foundational to common-law systems — courts are generally bound to follow precedent from higher courts in the same jurisdiction (stare decisis).
Formal / legalCollocations: set a precedent, establish a precedent, binding precedent
Synonyms: case law, legal authority
to require something for a rigorous legal analysis
"Conflict of laws" analysis determines which jurisdiction's laws apply when a case involves multiple legal systems.
Formal / legalCollocations: need to conduct, dire need, needs thorough review
Synonyms: require, must have
a group of people with a shared legal claim
A "class action" allows many plaintiffs with similar claims to sue collectively, increasing efficiency and access to justice for smaller claims.
Formal / legalCollocations: class action lawsuit, certify a class, class representative
Synonyms: group, collective (of plaintiffs)
discussing terms to reach a formal agreement
"Cross-border merger agreements" require navigating multiple legal systems, tax regimes, and regulatory approval processes simultaneously.
Formal / legal-businessCollocations: negotiating an agreement, negotiating terms, currently negotiating
Synonyms: discussing terms, bargaining
a legal decision used as an example for future cases
Once set, a precedent constrains how similar future cases must be decided within that jurisdiction, promoting legal consistency.
Formal / legalCollocations: set a precedent, cite a precedent, overturn a precedent
Synonyms: case law, legal authority
a court order requiring an action or preventing one
A powerful equitable remedy used when monetary damages alone would be insufficient to address the harm.
Formal / legalCollocations: grant an injunction, temporary injunction, file for an injunction
Synonyms: court order, restraining order
the process of taking legal action in court
Distinct from arbitration or mediation — litigation implies a formal, adversarial court process, often lengthy and costly.
Formal / legalCollocations: lengthy litigation, litigation process, pursue litigation
Synonyms: legal proceedings, court case
the legal time limit to bring a claim
Once this period expires, a claim is generally barred regardless of its merits, encouraging timely resolution of disputes.
Formal / legalCollocations: statute of limitations expired, toll the statute of limitations, within the statute of limitations
Synonyms: limitation period, filing deadline
a court that reviews decisions from lower courts
Does not retry facts but reviews whether the law was applied correctly, often based on the trial record alone.
Formal / legalCollocations: appellate court review, appellate court ruling, move to appellate court
Synonyms: court of appeals, reviewing court
a lawsuit brought by a group with a shared claim
Requires formal certification by a court confirming the group's claims are similar enough to be litigated together.
Formal / legalCollocations: certify a class action, join a class action, class action settlement
Synonyms: group lawsuit, collective claim
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Advanced expressions used in litigation, appeals, and complex negotiations.
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Tap the words in the correct order to form the sentence. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
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Tap the correct verb form to complete each sentence. The other options are conjugations from other tenses — on purpose, so you learn to tell them apart.
We're the transaction to minimize tax liability
We to conduct a thorough conflict of laws analysis
The history informs our interpretation of the statute
The applied strict scrutiny to the constitutional challenge
The framework addresses evolving regulatory requirements
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Listen to the full dialogue with the speaker buttons first, then fill in the missing words from this lesson's real conversation. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
Why did the Supreme Court in this case?
The could set a major precedent for constitutional
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You need at least 80% to unlock the next lesson. You can retake it as many times as you want — your best score is saved.
1. Select the correct match for: "The regulatory enforcement action resulted in significant penalties."
2. What does this mean: "The doctrine of stare decisis binds lower courts to precedent."?
3. Choose the equivalent of: "We need to evaluate potential exposure to punitive damages."
4. Choose the equivalent of: "The compliance framework addresses evolving regulatory requirements."
5. "We're advising the board on fiduciary duty obligations." — which one is correct?
6. What does this mean: "The legislative history informs our interpretation of the statute."?
7. Select the correct match for: "The court applied strict scrutiny to the constitutional challenge."
8. Choose the equivalent of: "The precedent established in this ruling has far-reaching implications."
9. Choose the equivalent of: "We're conducting a comprehensive intellectual property audit."
10. Select the correct match for: "We're preparing oral arguments for the appellate hearing."
Review — Lesson 87 What matches: "All employees must complete safety training."?
Review — Lesson 87 What matches: "We conduct fire drills twice a year."?
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Congratulations — you've completed the entire Live Up Academy curriculum, from A1 through every specialized career track. This is a genuine achievement.
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Practice this lesson's vocabulary with a word search and flashcards. Ungraded — play as many times as you like.
Tap the first and last letter of a hidden word to find it. Los términos de varias palabras van sin espacios en el tablero (ej. "give up" aparece como GIVEUP).
Elige la respuesta correcta. Si aciertas, la tarjeta queda lista por hoy; si fallas, vuelve a aparecer pronto para reforzarla. Tu progreso se guarda en este dispositivo.