Levels & career tracks
Curso básico · A1–A2
Nivel A1.1 — IdentidadNivel A1.2 — Rutinas y entornoNivel A2.1 — Contando el mundoNivel A2.2 — Comparando y proyectandoIntermedio · B1–B2
Level B1.1 — Connecting experiencesLevel B1.2 — Narrating and describingLevel B2.1 — ArguingLevel B2.2 — NuanceProfesional / Avanzado · C1–C2
Level C1.1 — PrecisionLevel C1.2 — Register and discourseLevel C2.1 — StyleLevel C2.2 — Native masteryInglés técnico y especialización
Career Track BusinessCareer Track Economics and FinanceCareer Track Business AdministrationCareer Track Information Systems Engineering Current levelCareer Track Educational SciencesCareer Track Medicine and Health SciencesCareer Track Tourism and HospitalityCareer Track Occupational Health and SafetyCareer Track Legal EnglishSpecialized Track · Career
Cutting-edge vocabulary for cybersecurity, machine learning, and modern distributed infrastructure. This lesson closes the Information Systems Engineering career track.
Why this matters This lesson connects directly to your progress: it covers cybersecurity vocabulary; artificial intelligence and data engineering; advanced infrastructure and compliance. Mastering this content lets you move forward confidently, and reinforces patterns you'll use again later. Take time to review every example before moving to the assessment — repetition is what actually locks knowledge in long-term.
01
The goals of this lesson.
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You already understand architecture and development workflows. This final IT lesson covers cybersecurity, AI, and advanced infrastructure vocabulary.
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Terms for security architecture, threat detection, and incident response.
Examples
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Vocabulary for machine learning, NLP, and modern data pipelines.
Examples
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Terms for distributed systems, DevSecOps, and regulatory compliance.
Examples
06
Read the text and answer the questions. You can try as many times as you want.
The penetration test revealed several critical vulnerabilities, prompting the team to implement zero-trust architecture across the infrastructure. "The system detected a potential SQL injection attack last week," the security lead explained, "which is why we conducted a full security audit of our cloud infrastructure."
Meanwhile, the data science team was training a machine learning model on customer data, using natural language processing to analyze feedback. "The model exhibited signs of overfitting," one engineer noted, "so we're optimizing its inference time before production deployment." The company also confirmed GDPR compliance across all data handling processes.
1. What did the penetration test reveal?
2. What did the system detect?
3. What is the data science team doing?
4. What problem did the model exhibit?
5. What did the company confirm about data handling?
07
A second reading, a bit longer. Read it and answer the questions below.
The security team flagged an anomaly in login traffic overnight. After investigating, they discovered attackers had been probing a loophole in the authentication endpoint. “We need to patch this vulnerability and harden the system before it goes live again,” the lead engineer said.
Meanwhile, the data science team used the incident logs to fine-tune their anomaly-detection model, hoping to reduce false positives. Once the fix was deployed, they closed the loophole completely and added new encryption to mitigate similar risks in the future.
1. What did the security team flag overnight?
2. What had attackers been doing?
3. What did the lead engineer say they needed to do?
4. What did the data science team use the incident logs for?
5. What did they add to mitigate future risks?
08
Tap a term on the left, then tap its matching definition on the right. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
Term
Definition
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Usa las pistas para completar cada palabra en inglés. Sin calificar — repite las veces que quieras.
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The essentials of this lesson, summarized.
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Key terms to remember.
putting a system or design into practice
"Zero-trust architecture" assumes no user or device is automatically trusted, even inside the network perimeter — a major shift in security philosophy.
Formal / technicalCollocations: implementing a framework, currently implementing, fully implementing
Synonyms: deploying, rolling out, adopting
authorized simulated attack to find security weaknesses
A "pen test" is proactive, ethical hacking used to uncover vulnerabilities before real attackers do.
Formal / securityCollocations: penetration test, penetration testing team, annual penetration test
Synonyms: security testing, ethical hacking
teaching a machine learning model using data
In ML, "training" refers to the iterative process of adjusting a model's parameters based on data.
Formal / technicalCollocations: training a model, training data, training pipeline
Synonyms: teaching, fitting (a model)
relating to a computing system inspired by the brain
"Hyperparameter tuning" refers to adjusting the settings that control how a neural network learns, distinct from the data itself.
Formal / technicalCollocations: neural network, deep neural network, neural architecture
Synonyms: brain-inspired, connectionist
to require something essential for security or function
Refers to "end-to-end encryption", where data is encrypted from sender to receiver with no intermediate exposure.
Formal / technicalCollocations: need to implement, dire need, needs review
Synonyms: require, must have
an organized set of components working together
Here, the subject that autonomously detected an attack — implying automated monitoring and alerting infrastructure.
Formal / technicalCollocations: system detected, system architecture, legacy system
Synonyms: infrastructure, platform, setup
converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access
Foundational security control; "strong encryption" implies industry-standard algorithms resistant to brute-force attacks.
Formal / securityCollocations: strong encryption, end-to-end encryption, encryption key
Synonyms: encoding, ciphering
an analysis of potential security risks to a system
A structured exercise identifying what could go wrong and how, guiding where security investments should focus.
Formal / securityCollocations: build a threat model, threat modeling process, comprehensive threat model
Synonyms: risk assessment, security analysis
systems designed to handle growth in demand
"Migrated to the cloud" implies moving from fixed, on-premise servers to elastic, on-demand computing resources.
Formal / technicalCollocations: scalable infrastructure, cloud-based infrastructure, build scalable infrastructure
Synonyms: elastic systems, cloud architecture
an alert that incorrectly signals a problem
Common in security and machine learning; too many false positives can cause "alert fatigue" among analysts.
Formal / technicalCollocations: false positive rate, reduce false positives, flagged as a false positive
Synonyms: false alarm, incorrect alert
the process of a trained model making predictions
Distinct from "training" — inference is when a finished model is actually used to generate outputs in production.
Formal / technicalCollocations: inference time, run inference, inference latency
Synonyms: prediction, model output
a series of steps that move and process data
Automates the flow of data from raw sources through transformation stages to its final destination, often at scale.
Formal / technicalCollocations: build a data pipeline, data pipeline architecture, real-time data pipeline
Synonyms: data workflow, ETL process
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Advanced expressions used by senior engineers, security leads, and data scientists.
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Tap the words in the correct order to form the sentence. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
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Tap the correct verb form to complete each sentence. The other options are conjugations from other tenses — on purpose, so you learn to tell them apart.
We to implement end-to-end encryption for user data
We're a data pipeline for real-time analytics
The implementation ensures immutable transaction records
The intelligence platform flagged suspicious network activity
We're role-based access control for the API
15
Listen to the full dialogue with the speaker buttons first, then fill in the missing words from this lesson's real conversation. Ungraded — repeat as many times as you like.
Did the test find serious?
Yes, a few vulnerabilities. We're patching before the deployment.
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You need at least 80% to unlock the next lesson. You can retake it as many times as you want — your best score is saved.
1. What does this mean: "We're leveraging distributed computing to process large datasets."?
2. What does this mean: "We're implementing role-based access control for the API."?
3. Select the correct match for: "The blockchain implementation ensures immutable transaction records."
4. Select the correct match for: "We're optimizing the model's inference time for production deployment."
5. Choose the equivalent of: "The API gateway handles rate limiting and request routing."
6. Which option matches: "We're implementing a data pipeline for real-time analytics."?
7. What does this mean: "We're deploying containers using Kubernetes for orchestration."?
8. What does this mean: "We're training a machine learning model on this dataset."?
9. Choose the equivalent of: "The model exhibited signs of overfitting on the training data."
10. What does this mean: "The threat intelligence platform flagged suspicious network activity."?
Review — Lesson 72 What matches: "We need to update the employee handbook."?
Review — Lesson 72 What matches: "Our company culture values collaboration."?
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You've completed Information Systems! Next: Educational Sciences, starting with classroom vocabulary.
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Practice this lesson's vocabulary with a word search and flashcards. Ungraded — play as many times as you like.
Tap the first and last letter of a hidden word to find it. Los términos de varias palabras van sin espacios en el tablero (ej. "give up" aparece como GIVEUP).
Elige la respuesta correcta. Si aciertas, la tarjeta queda lista por hoy; si fallas, vuelve a aparecer pronto para reforzarla. Tu progreso se guarda en este dispositivo.